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The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer
The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer








The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer

The Friend had fine black hair and black eyes. An avid reader, the Friend was able to quote long passages of the Bible and prominent Quaker texts from memory. Liking spirited horses and ensuring that animals received good care. The Friend was strong and athletic and an adept horse rider from an early age, and remained so in adulthood.

The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer

Amy died when the Friend was 12 or 13 in 1764, shortly after giving birth to a twelfth child. Early biographer David Hudson says that Amy was also a member of the Society for many years while later biographer Herbert Wisbey finds no evidence of that, but quotes Moses Brown as saying the child was "born such" because of Jeremiah's affiliation. Jeremiah attended traditional worship with the Society of Friends (the Quakers) at the Smithfield Meeting House. Her father Jeremiah was a cousin of Stephen Hopkins, the colony's longtime governor and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The Friend's great-grandfather Lawrence Wilkinson was an officer in the army of Charles I who had emigrated from England around 1650 and was active in colonial government. The "Public Universal Friend" was born, Jemina Wilkinson, on November 29, 1752, in Cumberland, Rhode Island, the eighth child of Amy (or Amey, née Whipple) and Jeremiah Wilkinson, becoming the fourth generation of the family to live in America. Many writers have portrayed the Friend as a woman, and either a pioneer or a fraud, while others have viewed the preacher as transgender or non-binary. The Society of Universal Friends ceased to exist by the 1860s. In the 1790s, the Society acquired land in western New York where they formed the township of Jerusalem, New York. The most committed members of the Society of Universal Friends were a group of unmarried women who took leading roles in their households and community. The Public Universal Friend's theology was broadly similar to that of orthodox Quakers, believing in free will, opposing slavery, and supporting sexual abstinence. Adorned in androgynous clothing, the Friend preached throughout the northeastern United States, attracting many followers who became the "Society of Universal Friends".

The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer

Given the name, "Public Universal Friend", shunning both birth names and gendered pronouns. The Friend, suffered a severe illness in 1776, reported having died and been reanimated as a genderless evangelist. "The Public Universal Friend" was an American Minister born in Cumberland, Rhode Island, to Quaker parents.










The Public Universal Friend by Paul Benjamin Moyer